Empathy training in health sciences: A systematic review.

Effective empathy training interventions based on scientific evidence becomes essential. A theoretical framework should guide the proposed interventions and be coherent with the evaluation of the dimensions taking in account that empathy is currently a multidimensional concept. The study aimed to determine, in health care professionals and/or students, what is the effectiveness of experiential versus humanistic training, in terms of improvement of empathic ability (dimensions) and maintenance over time of what has been learned, and to establish the degree of coherence between the proposed theoretical model and the trained and evaluated dimensions. A systematic review using six databases was performed. The data were synthesised, and the risk of bias was analysed using the Equator Guidelines. Twenty-three articles were selected. Further evidence of the effectiveness of experiential intervention against humanistic educational strategies was observed. Most studies were not based on a solid theoretical framework and, in these cases, inconsistency between empathic trained dimensions and those evaluated was detected. Although a better understanding of training time variable is required, middle-term interventions are recommended. Increasing the multicentre controlled trials; specifying the intervention that includes the empathy dimensions; triangulating the data from health professionals, patients, and external observers; and including monitoring, becomes a necessity.

Difilobotríase: atualidades e perspectivas / Diphyllobothriasis: updates and perspectives

A difilobotríase é uma moléstia intestinal provocada por cestódeos do gênero Diphyllobothrium (tênia) que até pouco tempo havia poucos relatos em nosso país. Porém, em decorrência do aumento do consumo de peixes crus, mal cozidos ou defumados e da falta de cuidado nos seus preparos, vêm sendo identificados casos autóctones no Brasil. O número de pessoas parasitadas pelo platelminto difilobotríase, presente em várias regiões do mundo, vem aumentando desde 2003. A doença pode ser assintomática ou causar desconforto abdominal e interferir na absorção da vitamina B12, podendo causar anemia megaloblástica. Abster-se do consumo de pescado cru, defumado em temperaturas inadequadas ou mal cozido é a principal medida para a sua prevenção.

The intestinal diphyllobotriasis is a disease caused by Diphyllobothrium (cestodes of the genus Taenia [tapeworm]) that until recently had a few reports in our country. However, as a result of increased consumption of raw fish, soft-boiled or smoked and lack of care in their staging have been identified indigenous cases in Brazil. The number of people by the flatworm diphyllobotriasis parasitized, present in various regions of the world, comes increasing since 2003. The disease may be asymptomatic or cause abdominal discomfort and interferes in the absorption of vitamin B12, leading to megaloblastic anemia. Avoid from eating raw, smoked or soft-boiled fish is the primaries beware of their prevention.

Relação entre personalidade, transtornos de ansiedade e de humor: uma revisão da literatura brasileira / Relationship between personality, anxiety and mood disorders: a brazilian review

A Personalidade é um dos conceitos mais intrigantes da Psicologia. Pode ser definida como um conjunto de padrões rígidos de sentimentos, pensamentos e comportamentos de cada indivíduo. O objetivo principal desta revisão foi descrever como o tema personalidade tem sido abordado nos trabalhos sobre os Transtornos de Ansiedade e/ou de Humor que utilizam os referenciais cognitivo, comportamental e cognitivo comportamental. Uma pesquisa nas bases PePSIC e SciELO.ORG revelou que um número considerável desses estudos não fazem referência ao termo personalidade ou o fazem de uma maneira discreta. Nas revistas específicas de terapia cognitivo comportamental verificou-se um índice de 3 por cento de artigos que fazem alguma relação entre o termo personalidade e os Transtornos de Ansiedade e Humor. Assim, pode-se inferir que a dificuldade no tratamento dos transtornos do Eixo II tem sido agravada pela falta de conhecimentos produzidos sobre o tema, seja por desinteresse dos pesquisadores seja pelos obstáculos metodológicos

Personality is one of the most intriguing themes in Psychology. It can be defined as a set of rigid patterns of feelings, thoughts and behaviors that distinguishes one individual from the other. The aim of this review was to describe how Personality has been approached in works on Anxiety and/or Mood Disorders that use cognitive, behavioral, and cognitive-behavioral therapy references. A research using PePSIC and SciELO.ORG databases pointed out that a considerable number of studies make no reference to the term Personality or makes it in a discrete way. On the other hand, three percent of papers correlated the terms Personality and Anxiety and Mood Disorders in some way in specific journals of cognitive-behavioral therapy. Thus, we can suggest that the difficulty in treating this Axis II disorder has been worsened by lack of knowledge produced on the subject, either for lack of interest among researchers or because of the methodological obstacles found in this field